Introduction to the Jamaican Legal System Essay Example for Free

Prologue to the Jamaican Legal System Essay Lawful Sources - Rules of law are gotten from different sources in English Law. These incorporate, The Constitution of Jamaica, enactment, legal points of reference, certain old reading material among others. The Constitution of Jamaica: The Jamaican Constitution is the Supreme Law of the place where there is Jamaica and every single other law must acclimate with the Constitution or they will be struck down.1 In 2011 another Charter of rights was passed by Parliament, known as The Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms (Constitutional Amendment) Act, 2010 This altogether changed Chapter III of the Constitution. â€Å"Traditional human rights secured by our old game plans, for example, the rights to life, freedom, property, opportunity of still, small voice, articulation and development stay ensured by the new Charter. Also, we presently have protected rights to evenhanded and accommodating treatment by open specialists, not be oppressed on the grounds of religion, social class or being male or female, to cast a ballot in free and reasonable races and to be allowed a visa. The last goes connected at the hip with the now unavoidably perceived option to leave the island, recently barred. The Charter gives various progressively present day rights, including the privilege of each youngster to open essential instruction and the option to appreciate a solid and profitable condition liberated from the danger of injury or harm from natural maltreatment and debasement of the biological legacy. These apparently eager rights are in any case enforceable by the Charters express arrangement for review, against the state as well as in resident versus resident prosecution. Cases might be brought by the individual distressed or by metro associations with the consent of the court, where there is a claim that any of the arrangements of the Charter has been, is being or is probably going to be contravened.† The Judiciary is the part of government that is principally answerable for deciphering the law. The Structure of the Jamaican Court System1 The Courts have been given the obligation under the Constitution to look at exercises attempted by the State and decide whether acts by the State through its different operators are conflicting with the Constitution and along these lines of no lawful impact. Demonstrations of Parliament are likewise liable to survey by the Courts to check whether there is any irregularity with the Constitution. The Constitution of Jamaica accommodates the foundation of the Supreme Court as a Court of Origination. Choices of the Supreme Court upon advance are heard by the Court of Appeal which is the most noteworthy Court genuinely situated in Jamaica, anyway under the Constitution, the most elevated Court in the Jamaican Court Structure and the last Court of Appeal from choices of the Court of Appeal is the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council which is situated in England. There are different Courts that are not made by the Constitution and have been made by Acts of Parliament. The Court System is taken a gander at underneath. Frivolous Session The Petty Session Court is directed by three Justices of the Peace. These are not Attorneys-at-Law. They direct negligible issues. These incorporate pickpocketting, regular attack and utilization of revolting language.

Contraversy in Play Doubt Essay

In a shameless spot, for example, that introduced in John Patrick Shanleys’ grant winning dramatist Doubt, it is indiscreet to expect the planner of the play would respect and solace us with a more prominent and certain completion of the magnum opus. This carries us to the undeniable inquiry of what is conviction and how we can be sure of anything. As indicated by Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, â€Å"There are different sorts of sureness. A conviction is mentally sure when the subject who has it is remarkably persuaded of its reality. Conviction in this sense is like hopelessness, which is the property a conviction has of being with the end goal that the subject is unequipped for surrendering it. † If we are coordinated and trained by this announcement, a peruser can't have a firm handle on whether Father Flynn did in certainty truly misuse the helpless, hued character of Donald Muller, living in 1964, encompassed by a rising discontent of the white favored common laborers society (additionally dependable of the passing of Martin Luther King Jr. that equivalent year). Anyway Iâ afforded to be indiscreet, one-sided, and by my best judgment, choose (without proof) Father Flynn did in reality disturb Donald. This choice was clear to me by three subconscious bits of confirmations granted by the creator. The main proof is the doubt and the allegations assaulting Father Flynn of giving youthful Donald Muller wine when called to the parsonage. Presently, obviously Flynn safeguards himself by contesting Donald drank the wine without anyone else in view of the nerves of being a forlorn dark kid in 60’s Bronx. Notwithstanding, when gone up against with this exclamationâ by Sister Aloysius, Flynn promptly contracted into a cornered feline, with a sharp, clever guard system. â€Å"I don’t wish to proceed with this discussion at all further,† said Father Flynn after leaving. Father Flynn says he secured for the kid since he gave it a second thought, yet the story is promptly made unconvincing when Sister Aloysius gets a progressively fragile and experienced handle on the circumstance. The image of the wine depicts this once celebrated holy person as an unreasonable and contorted character. The rationale embedded in the setting is theâ following: if Father Flynn could be sufficiently ruined to dirty a youthful, honest youngster, he might likewise exploit this kid. The subsequent proof is the obscure character Father Flynn gets all through the key play. In different models, Father Flynn is marginally shadier of what it would have been normal. The first case of this is seen in quite a while and that is Father Flynns’ recognizably long fingernail. These are first depicted to the little fellows when Flynn is disturbed by the filthiness in the boys’ fingernails. This shows Flynn as a man who conflicts with the way of life and the confidence of society. The subsequent model is depicted when Father Flynn outreaches his hand for a little fellow named William London and the kid recoils, as though sickened or alarmed. The last model is including a dark crow outside a window that hadn’t quit snapping throughout the day. At last, Father Flynn has enough and thunders violently to this winged animal being appeared as a cantankerous man who covers his feelings to the individuals. Sister Aloysius made a clever and constructedâ remark, â€Å"you’re controlling the demeanor all over this moment. † Towards the finish of the play, Sister Aloysius gets steady on her allegation towards Father Flynn. She confined each sentence splendidly charging advances and making critical weight on Father Flynn. She smashed with outcries, for example, â€Å"I won't stop! † and â€Å"I will discover reality! † By the end, Flynn had surrendered to his post and was required to take a prudent leave. This, alongside his reaction to the allegations, incite an unmistakable presumption Flynn is liable and he knows his long periods of beingâ considered a blameless, kind man were attracting to an end. Before the finish of the play, question assumes an away from in the brain of the inquisitive peruser. Obviously, there is more than one chance of what may have gone on between the minister and the church kid. If we somehow managed to have a totally target figured, we would be confounded and upset by the way that neither one nor the other decision is right or clear. My own impression is the one referenced before, yet I am not the ubiquitous creator of this great story. ? Work on sentence structure and spelling.

Veterans Day A Remembrance

Veterans Day A Remembrance Years ago, when I was the likeliest lass in AP English class, I won a VFW award for an essay I wrote about the United States and globalization. My parents, as well as several of my teachers, were amazed that I took home the prize, because my essay was an impassioned (and probably jejune) plea for our nation to be more involved in the wider world than less. It was the Cold Wars dying days, and many of the Young Republicans I knew wanted a return to America First. I didnt agree with them then, and I dont agree with them now. But more important, the VFWmen and women (still mostly men, then) of different ages and experiencesdidnt see anything wrong with my thoughts as expressed. A large part of that, I now know, is due to the fact that each of them had once served in defense of my freedom of expression. People who have walked the military walk dont take what it safeguards lightly. However, as a former literature teacher, I believe theres a little more to it than that, and Ill illustrate what I mean by extending the VFW story a bit. Since I did win the essay trophy, I was invited later that year to stand up in front of my local VFW chapter as they gathered to celebrate Veterans Day; I was to recite Lieutenant Colonel John McRaes famous poem In Flanders Fields. I remember every word of it still, as do many of my Canadian friends and colleagues (McRae was Canadian, and that poem has become iconic in his home nation). I know Im not the only one in the Book Riot community who is fascinated with World War I poetry. In Flanders Fields isnt the best or even necessarily the most famous poem of that era (famous status might have to go to Wilfrid Owens Dulce et Decorum Est). But the reason Im writing about it today is because I think In Flanders Fields is one of the most immediate and truest. The poppies that blow between the rows of crosses are there in abundance, sadly, because of the decomposing bodies beneath. McCrae, a medical doctor, knew this; he also knew that those poppies were as beautiful and transient as our human lives and relationships. Years after reading his poem out loud to my Hudson Valley veterans group, I taught In Flanders Fields to my students (who happened to be soldiers themselves) while I had them read Erich Maria Remarques novel All Quiet on the Western Front. I pointed out that the German soldiers saw the poppies, tooand the poppies grew over their graves, too. On Veterans Day, I believe in remembrance for our fallen, and in honoring what they fought to protectbut I also try to remember that poppies dont belong to the good guys or the bad guys. They remind us instead of our common humanity.

The United States And Its Impact On The Nation...

There are many challenges when it comes to rebuilding failing states and retraining their militaries. The practice is done for the purposes of advancement of political objectives, also the attempt to provide stability within a hostile region, saving a fragile nation from collapse, and to provide support to oppressed groups and populations aligned with similar value structures. It is not a new policy tactic for the United States, there have been several cases where America has played a big role in nation reconstruction and redeveloping regional armed forces. While there have been some successful campaigns in these efforts to fight insurgency, improve conditions in regional civil conflicts, and stabilize areas, it has not always been effective policy. The United States has had a pretty varied legacy with these types of interventions. From different case examples, it can be concluded that when a liberator is rebuilding a state or a military, and is dealing with a population that is mu lti-ethnic and has deep religious divisions, the effort is probably more likely to fail than to succeed. Further research also indicated that acting multilaterally produced much better results with nation reconstruction/intervention. Usually, during intervention campaigns, short term goals were reached, although there are often issues with achieving long term goals of peace and stability. Some scholars have acknowledged that some attempts at saving failing states have resulted in governments

Analysis Of Howard Gardner And Claudio Fernandez Araoz

In this rapidly changing era, not only leaders but also ordinary employees are facing fierce competitions in their own field. As the result, for the organizations and world entrepreneurs, in order to gain and sustain their competitive advantages in today’s complex and volatile international environment and achieve success, they should be more open-minded to accept new thoughts of talent spotting instead of still indulge in the old days’ success. They need to adapt to the technological change and meet market demands by reshaping their skills and competencies, and thus improve their levels of leadership. On the other hand, it is very necessary for the job seekers to understand and acquire skills that are expected from the employers. Because that’s the most effective way for them to achieve success in their career. The question is, people may find difficult to anticipated in the global context nowadays. This essay is going to show you the most important skills to become successful is creativity and respect by comparing and contrasting the arguments from Howard Gardner and Claudio Fernà ¡ndez-Arà ¡oz. In the book â€Å"Chapter 1: Minds Viewed Globally. A Personal Introduction† Gardner (2008) explain that there are five important dramatis personae called â€Å"five minds†. Gardner defined the disciplined mind reflects the performance of academic and profession; the synthesizing mind is to gather and comprehend information; the creative mind is thinking out of the box; the respectful mind is

Managing Effective Labor Relations Free Essays

MANAGING EFFECTIVE LABOR EMPLOYEE RELATIONS Abstract Labor relations refer to the relationship between corporate management and the unionized workforce. Administering the best practices along with the current developments in labor relations is contingent on labor management relations. In addition, the legal framework for collective bargaining and negotiations need to be examined. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Effective Labor Relations or any similar topic only for you Order Now Knowledge of the history of the relationship between labor unions and management is fundamental in effective labor relations management today. What is a labor union? A labor union is a group of employees, who are organized by the specific job that they do. They come together to form units that bargain with their employer regarding working issues and conditions. Union workers are referred to as â€Å"blue-collar workers† because the majority of people who hold that job specification are also union members. The majority of union members work in the public sector. These are jobs where the funding source can be national, state, or local. These types of jobs include: postal service jobs, teachers and police officers. Jobs in the private sector have no involvement with the government and are run by private citizens or groups. These types of jobs could be found in: restaurants, retail, or corporations. There are many more union members in the public sector than the private sector. Just under half of all employees in the federal, state, and local government are union members. Public school teachers, police, and firefighters hold the highest number of union workers in the local government. The second largest groups on the list of union members are protective service workers in private industry. In the private sector, union members make up about a quarter of the size of the public sector, in transportation and utility positions. Other major private industries with above-average union membership percentages are construction and manufacturing, where in each case thirteen percent of the employees are in unions (Sloane amp; Witney, 2011). All union members have legal workplace rights that must be respected by their employers. Some rights are provided by federal or state statutes, hile others are inherent in specific union-employer agreements. If a union member feels that his rights have been infringed, in addition to taking legal action, charges can also be filed against employers through the National Labor Relations Board for violation of collective bargaining agreements. The NLRB is responsible for the prevention and resolving of unfair labor practices under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA). They also guarantee the rights of employees to organize and bargain collectivel y with their employers. Another feature that union members have that non-union members don’t is a grievance procedure. This is an official complaint from the union member when they believe their contractual rights have been violated. The steps of the grievance procedure are outlined in the collective bargaining agreement. Collective bargaining is the process whereby unions and management negotiate and administer labor agreements (Sloane amp; Witney, 2011). Labor union officials enjoy many special powers and immunities that were created by legislatures and the courts. Union officials claim to rely on the support of members of a political organization of workers who are exclusive of their leadership. In â€Å"Special Privileges†, (2010), the following list of special privileges reveals the rights union members have in their favor: Privilege #1:| Exemption from anti-monopoly laws. The Clayton Act of 1914 exempts unions from anti-monopoly laws, enabling union officials to forcibly drive out independent or alternative employee bargaining groups. Privilege #2:| Power to force employees to accept unwanted union representation. Monopoly bargaining, or â€Å"exclusive representation,† which is embedded in most of the country’s labor relations statutes, enables union officials to act as the exclusive bargaining agents of all employees at a unionized workplace, thereby depriving employees of the right to make their own employment contracts. | Privilege #3:| Power to collect forced union dues. Unlike other private organizations, unions c an compel individuals to support them financially. In 27 states under the NLRA (those that have not passed Right to Work laws), all states under the RLA, on â€Å"exclusive federal enclaves,† and in many states under public sector labor relations acts, employees may be forced to pay union dues as a condition of employment, even if they reject union affiliation. | Privilege #4:| Unlimited, undisclosed electioneering. The Federal Election Campaign Act exempts unions from its limits on campaign contributions and expenditures, as well as some of its reporting requirements. Union bigwigs can spend unlimited amounts on communications to members and their families in support of, or opposition to, candidates for federal office, and they need not report these expenditures if they successfully claim that union publications are primarily devoted to other subjects. | Privilege #5:| Ability to strong-arm employers into negotiations. Unlike all other parties in the economic marketplace, union officials can compel employers to bargain with them. The NLRA, FLRA, and RLA make it illegal for employers to resist a union’s collective bargaining efforts and difficult for them to counter aggressive and deceptive campaigns waged by union organizers. | Privilege #6:| Right to trespass on an employer’s private property. The Norris-LaGuardia Act of 1932 (and state anti-injunction acts) give union activists immunity from injunctions against trespass on an employer’s property. | Privilege #7:| Ability of strikers to keep jobs despite refusing to work. Unlike other employees, unionized employees in the private sector have the right to strike; that is, to refuse to work while keeping their job. In some cases, it is illegal for employers to hire replacement workers, even to avert bankruptcy. | As you can see, the privileges of the union may seem unfair to non-union members. This can create a lot of mixed emotions and tension in the workplace. Although the rate of unionization has declined, its effects on the workplace are still existent. When you are non-union, it’s understandable to be complacent about union issues. Non-union employers must be aware of a number of other policy and practices that can lead to allegations of unfair-labor practices against them. To uphold a fair work environment, management looks to form new relationships between both non-union and union members. In order to prepare for issues that may occur between both parties, it is the company’s responsibility to be fully informed and aware of union laws and precedents. The focus of the traditional law of unions makes up the major part of the labor law. It is based on workers collectively and their rights as a group. It is different from employment law which focuses more on issues relating to the rights of individual employees. The body of law of which labor law is comprised is significant for the importance of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA). The NLRA is codified at 29 U. S. C.  §Ã‚ § 151-169 and purports to serve the national interest of the United States regarding labor relations within the country (Cornell, n. d. ). When periods of widespread strikes occur, uneasy relations can very quickly and severely have an adverse effect on the entire country. A clear policy regarding labor and management encourages the best interests of the employer, which is to maintain full trade and industry production. It is essential to maintain peace in the workplace not just between employees, but employers as well. The NLRA attempts to limit industrial conflict among employers, employees, and labor organizations since the friction could affect full production which can then result in a series of even bigger problems. Unfair labor practices Union or not, when someone is treated unfairly at work, it can destroy morale. Sometimes the unfair treatment is done accidentally, but most of the time, the unfair treatment is a very deliberate act on the part of the management. In some cases, the unfair treatment can actually be illegal. What is always true is that unfair treatment at work makes more problems than it solves, breeds animosity and distrust among employees, and creates an extremely uncomfortable work environment (Thorpe, 2008). These practices are referred to as unfair labor practices and have been singled out for their potential to harm the general welfare of employees. Through the NLRA, employees are guaranteed the right to organize and to bargain collectively with their employers through representatives of their own choosing. If they choose not to exercise these rights, they are also guaranteed the right to refrain from them. The NLRA establishes a procedure by which employees can exercise their choice whether or not to join a union in a secret-ballot election conducted by the National Labor Relations Board. When and at whose discretion a secret-ballot election may be exercised as opposed to other election procedures is currently a matter of contention between employers and labor groups (Cornell, n. d. ). For those who belong to a union, they have some protection against unfair treatment at work. Union members have the right to work free of the pressures of unfair labor practices, as defined by the NLRA. Members also have the right to file claims regarding unfair labor practices with the NLRB. According to union-organizing. com, examples of unfair labor practices include: coercion to join or refrain from joining a union; threats to close facilities in retaliation for union activities; bribes directed at employees for any reason; personal inquiries concerning union sympathies; refusal to consider grievances (Ingram, 1999). Unions and the United States Labor movement have continued their historic decline in terms of membership and density, in today’s economy. Unions have emerged from a period of economic growth and prosperity to becoming smaller and weaker. Having missed an incredible opportunity to grow in a time of prosperity, labor must now figure out how to build numbers and strength in face of economic uncertainty, a Republican President, war, budget deficits, public service cuts and the continued exporting of union manufacturing jobs (Lerners, 2002). The unions of the United States have huge resources: millions of members, billions of dollars in dues, and hundreds of billions in pension capital, as well as political power and the leverage of collective bargaining. These resources offer the potential and the opportunity to organize millions of workers and rebuild the labor movement. The AFL-CIO has documented that the US economy is growing away from the labor movement, growing fastest where unions are weakest, where only one out of ten new jobs is union. Private sector unions are losing density in the traditional unionized sectors of the economy (Lerners, 2002). The weakness of labor unions is becoming increasingly evident in the low statistics in most sectors. Supporters of union workers can see in those same numbers the potential for huge growth, with millions of non-union workers coming into those sectors. In general, it is legal for employers to try to persuade employees not to unionize. However, it is illegal for a company to attempt to prevent employees from unionizing by promises of violence, threats or other intimidating actions. It is also illegal for unions to use lies or threats of violence to intimidate employees into joining a union (Silverman, n. . ). Opponents of unions believe that labor unions are bad for business. They feel that labor unions have too much power for their size. They also feel that labor unions use this power as blackmail against companies, by causing labor monopolies. Some feel that they ask too much of companies, causing either the company to shut down, or to supply more money for their employees. Union mem bers are generally Democratic, and are certain that Republicans believe that labor unions lead to recession because they cause wages to go up, and that causes prices to go up, which leads to lower production. For many business managers and owners who are striving to keep their firms strong in a competitive marketplace, the thought of a labor union entering the workplace and organizing the employees can be a source of headache (Hall, 1999). Although employers cannot prevent unions, they can take steps to make unionization less attractive to their non-union employees. According to some human resource professionals, the best defense against union organizing may be a good offense (Lerners, 2012). This can be obtained in a non-aggressive manner such as managers having an â€Å"open-door† policy with their subordinates and answering any questions and concerns they may have. Human resources play a big role also, since they handle the employee benefits and relations. Keeping a good working relationship will promote effective communication, thus reducing the risk of unhappy employees who may seek to unionize. WHY DO EMPLOYEES JOIN UNIONS? 1. Failed to keep up with job rate and benefit package. 2. Rule by fear. 3. Win/Lose Philosophy of labor relations. 4. Favoritism. 5. Little, if any, personal recognition. . Lack of fair and firm discipline. 7. No input into any decision-making. 8. No career advancement available. 9. Little job security. 10. No complaint procedure, no support by employees for complaint procedure. 11. Failure to have personnel policies and benefits in writing. 12. Lack of recognition for length of service. http://www. d. umn. edu/umdhr/Policies/grievance. h tml In the work place, union members have the benefit of negotiating with their employer as a group. This basic right gives them much more power than if they were to negotiate individually, as non-union employees do. On average, union employees make 27 percent more than non-union workers and ninety-two percent of union workers have job-related health coverage versus 68 percent for non-union workers (Silverman, n. d. ). Union workers also have a great advantage over non-union workers in securing their pensions. Through their collective bargaining agreements and the grievance and arbitration processes, unions help to protect their employees from unjust dismissal. As a result, most union employees cannot be fired without â€Å"just cause,† unlike many non-union employees who can be fired at any time and for almost any reason. The use of the term â€Å"union steward† is not universal. It is, however, the most common designation given to a representative of the union whose role is to represent employees in a certain work area (Sloane amp; Witney, 2011). Stewards or union representatives are selected by the union. Some unions elect their stewards while others are appointed by the union officers. No matter how they are selected, the union notifies the company of the employees who are stewards for specific work areas. Due to the size or location of the departments, they may have several stewards while other departments may have one steward who is responsible for several departments. Whatever the case, the union internally determines this and notifies accordingly. The supervisor does not have a role in the selection of the steward. Stewards are persons who are responsible to the union for performing many functions. The steward represents employees in the bargaining unit and can also recruits new members, handle communications between the union and management, and interpret the contract to employees. Most importantly, they represent the union. Supervisors should recognize and respect the steward’s role. If a supervisor thinks that a steward is not successfully doing his or her job as a steward, it is not the responsibility of the supervisor to give any advice or make recommendations. The supervisor must remember that the steward is a company employee. Essentially, the steward is chosen because he or she is the most competent to represent the employees. However, it is important, that the supervisor accept the steward in good faith. It is the company’s obligation to give stewards the sincere and careful consideration to which they and the employees they represent are entitled. It is crucial that the supervisor and the steward develop a good working relationship. If both individuals can recognize their respective roles, they can form an understanding. In other words, the steward can be a friend or an enemy. As in any working relationship, time and experience will define it. A supervisor who treats a steward fairly will most likely receive fair treatment and respect from the steward. Another powerful union tool is the strike. A strike is when a group of workers stops working in protest to labor conditions or as a bargaining tool during negotiations between labor and management. This may not always be the most effective plan of action, but the law entitles union members the right to strike when they feel that it is necessary. Employers fear the possibility of a strike since production stops while the strike is in effect. Strikes can last anywhere from hours to weeks and the longer they continue, the more disastrous they can become for the company. While labor unions are not as prominent today as they were in the past, they still play a vital role in protecting and representing America’s workforce. As the supervisor in a union environment, the most critical relationship in a working environment is the one between employees and their immediate supervisor. To the employee, the immediate supervisor becomes the â€Å"face† of that jurisdiction’s management (Karon, 2010). The responsibilities that management represents are critical to the successful supervisory interface with employees. In a union environment, a third party (the bargaining unit) would be put into this relationship. The membership of a workforce that is represented by a union are called a bargaining unit. Employees can choose to join the union or refrain from joining; nevertheless, all are subject to the working conditions or agreement agreed to by the jurisdiction and the union (Karon, 2010). Although negotiations of these agreements can take a while to establish, the critical aspect of the process is in the administration of that contract. The supervisor is the key link in a relationship between labor and management. Each supervisor has a responsibility to ensure that the labor agreement is enforced. As a result, many supervisors will be involved in the mandated grievance process. Because supervisors generally know more about the employee than top management does, there are additional burdens placed on these supervisors. To the average employee, the supervisor is management. Due to this, a supervisor must understand his or her role and responsibilities in the organization that he or she represents. Most important is the supervisor’s ability to get along with employees. While close personal involvement with employees is frowned upon, the supervisor should be friendly and concerned about the welfare of those that he or she supervises at work. When a person is appointed to a supervisory position, they must realize the fine line in relationships between themselves and their employees. Providing an environment where all employees are comfortable, while remaining pro-active with full awareness of policies that apply to either union or non-union members, or both. By remaining approachable and understanding, employees will be more open to discussing concerns, thus reducing the urge to join the union for increased benefits. The introduction of the labor agreement adds a new dimension to the multi-faceted role of the supervisor. The institution of a grievance procedure in addition to the presentation of the union representative and steward or union official, makes it even more critical for supervisors to understand that to accept the responsibility of a supervisory position means supporting and advocating management’s position (Karon, 2010). The supervisor who cannot support supervisory and management in a policy does a disservice to everyone at the company. For this reason, supervisory training should be heightened to guarantee that they respond properly whenever allegations of contract violations have occurred. Enforcing company policies as well as obeying the collective bargaining agreement does not take the supervisor’s right to their own opinions away. In fact, it is the responsibility of the supervisor to pass their opinions on to other levels of management and communicate results to other employees. Since the supervisor has the most contact with the employees, it is usually the supervisor who becomes the â€Å"middleman† when disputes arise. For this reason, good communication skills and understanding the importance of the supervisor’s role in your organization is essential to the success of every supervisor. Employers that have become somewhat complacent with respect to union organizing must become more active in reviewing their human resource policies and practices. Some may be surprised to find out their companies are unionized, or have union members affiliated. Often times, organizations have standard accustomed rules that their members follow. These may have been established â€Å"through the grapevine† or accepted as common knowledge. To ensure compliance with the work rules, manuals and handbooks should be reviewed regularly to evaluate whether they do or do not violate the NLRA. Furthermore, there are many resources within the administration of a company that can be employed. These include human resource programs, policies, and procedures that are infrequently utilized, as well as complaint procedures and establishing an open-door policy. Policies that require employees to first bring complaints to their immediate supervisors should also be thoroughly reviewed to verify that both union and non-union issues are handled properly. Being a supervisor is not an easy task. The supervisor is entrusted with accomplishing the work of his or her unit through the efforts of their employees within that unit. Keeping the employees informed of what their jobs are and how they are to accomplish their tasks are just a small part of the supervisor’s overall responsibilities. Administering standards and expectations, developing methods to motivate and increase productivity, and ensuring compliance to all policies through open communication with all employees will promote effective labor relations within the company. Running head: MANAGING EFFECTIVE LABOR EMPLOYEE RELATIONS References Cabot, S. (1997). â€Å"How to avoid a union† Retrieved from: https://www. nlrb. gov/national-labor-relations-act Hall, S. (1999). How to stop union organizing. Retrieved from: http://www. ehow. com/how_7986074_stop-union-organizing. html Ingrim, D. (1999). â€Å"Union members’ rights†. Retrieved from: http://money. howstuffworks. com/labor-union5. htm Karon, J. (2010). â€Å"Discipline and Grievance†. Retrieved from: http://www. d. umn. edu/umdhr/Policies/grievance. html Lerners, S. (2002). Labor Notes â€Å"Three steps to reorganizing and rebuilding the labor movement†. Retrieved from: http://labornotes. org/node/575 â€Å"Big Labor’s Special Privileges† (n. d. ). Retrieved from: http://www. nrtw. org/d/big_labor_special_privileges. htm Sloan, A. amp; Witney, F. (2011). Labor Relations, 13th Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Learning Solutions. Thorpe, J. (2008). Employment Law: Unfair treatment at work. Retrieved f rom: http://www. helium. com/items/801741-employment-law-unfair-treatment-at-work | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | How to cite Managing Effective Labor Relations, Papers

Tasting Green Eggs and Ham free essay sample

The first book I ever read was Green Eggs and Ham, by Dr. Seuss. I was four years old, waiting in the lobby of the doctor’s office. Having finally exhausted my enthusiasm over colored blocks and Lego’s, I picked up the book and sat in my mother’s lap. She walked me through every word of every page, never rushing me along or losing patience. On that memorable occasion, two new concepts were introduced to me: the power of words, and the magic of teaching. Throughout my school days, I continued to read ahead of my age. I was an accomplished Accelerated Reader, and by the fifth grade, I was on a ninth grade reading level. Unknown to my consciousness, my young mind was building vocabulary, analyzing characters, and exploring syntax. Dr. Seuss was still an admired author; he had introduced me to the flow of rhythm and the skill of rhyme. We will write a custom essay sample on Tasting Green Eggs and Ham or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I soon began to mimic the styles of other cherished authors, allowing their influence to possess my pencil and reflect on my empty page. I have always wondered at that phenomenon, how one person’s ideas and identity can seep into another, forever changing the way they capture the world. With my teacher’s endless support, I wrote my first memorable piece of work in the first grade. The one-page tale featured a greedy, grumpy leprechaun who only thought of gold. In the end, however, he slid and fell off a rainbow, bumping his head and changing his character into a nice, generous neighbor. My teacher took the simple essay to the principal, and I was ushered to read it aloud at the monthly â€Å"Tea Party† for parents and board members. As I shared my work, I had my first taste of what it means to own words. Before that day, I had read, spoken, sung, and listened, but I never imagined that words could have tangible substance. They were just a combination of letters, free for everyone to use. Now they could be mine. Like useless facts and unapplied knowledge, words themselves are nothing; but I could give them a new and original meaning. Words, to my mind, became as amorphous and undefined as young children, just waiting to be molded. Now that I am older, I am ready for the blank page that lies before me. I long to experience the beauty around me, to soak it in and cast it back on paper, to be as permanent as ink and literature. I want to inspire the intellects of future geniuses, to relish in their infinite potential. I want to be a memory that brings joy, hope, laughter, and substance, captured in a book and preserved in another person. This dream is what compels me to make writing and teaching my career. This is what moves me to attend an elite college, to receive my education at the best of institutions. My experiences, one could say, have propelled me to be not only a published author—but a published individual.

ENG CON Essay

ENG CON Essay ENG CON Essay Eric Nguyen 11/17/2014 ENG Prof. Reed The unspoken Truth of NWO The idea and words of the New World Order has been used by numerous politicians throughout the past several decades, and is a term used to refer to a worldwide conspiracy being constructed by an extremely powerful and intelligent group of individuals at least at the highest level of power for example like superior Chairman’s of a well known company and to be a superior among people they dominated a certain region of the world which also include many of the world's wealthiest people, political leaders, and corporate elite, as well as members of the so called Black Nobility of Europe dominated by the British Crown whose goal is to create a One World which is like saying a lying Government, stripped of nationalistic and regional boundaries, that is their number one goal for their made up agenda. The person behind the new world wants and expects their plan to succeed by having complete and total control the human being and I mean every single one of us. Even though that may sound hard to believe since there is like more than seven billion people in counting as of today. Their first order on the agenda is to reduce the population by two thirds. That’s about two billion people dying just for the greed of power, these people believe that with a one government ruling the world. Everything will be easier to manage. For example, like the stock market and oil and the basic essentials that we need on a daily basis and will be base and decided upon these so-called rulers. They want this to happen so bad that they even set up FEMA which stands for Federal Emergency Management Agency is being set up all around the world. FEMA camps is a concentration camp for the people and they being held there as prisoner when the new world order takes palace. Perhaps even that’s how they are going to control the riots and the rebellions or even executions may happen there. Furthermore there will be no middle class, only rulers and the servants. All laws will be uniform under a legal system of world courts practicing the same code of laws which are created by the wealthy people who are behind the new world order, and is backed up by a One World Government police force and a One World unified military to enforce laws in all former countries where no national boundaries shall exist and also by doing so. Their will be no war, the only war that there is going to be is the war against the rebellion the people who dares to fight and reclaim the world and the rulers and there massive army. For example, it’s the people who is behind all this is try to take us back to the medieval times where and

Differences Between Population and Sample Standard Deviations

Differences Between Population and Sample Standard Deviations When considering standard deviations, it may come as a surprise that there are actually two that can be considered. There is a population standard deviation and there is a sample standard deviation. We will distinguish between the two of these and highlight their differences. Qualitative Differences Although both standard deviations measure variability, there are differences between a population and a sample standard deviation. The first has to do with the distinction between statistics and parameters. The population standard deviation is a parameter, which is a fixed value calculated from every individual in the population. A sample standard deviation is a statistic. This means that it is calculated from only some of the individuals in a population. Since the sample standard deviation depends upon the sample, it has greater variability. Thus the standard deviation of the sample is greater than that of the population. Quantitative Difference We will see how these two types of standard deviations are different from one another numerically. To do this we consider the formulas for both the sample standard deviation and the population standard deviation. The formulas to calculate both of these standard deviations are nearly identical: Calculate the mean.Subtract the mean from each value to obtain deviations from the mean.Square each of the deviations.Add together all of these squared deviations. Now the calculation of these standard deviations differs: If we are calculating the population standard deviation, then we divide by n,  the number of data values.If we are calculating the sample standard deviation, then we divide by n -1, one less than the number of data values. The final step, in either of the two cases that we are considering,  is to take the square root of the quotient from the previous step. The larger the value of n is, the closer that the population and sample standard deviations will be. Example Calculation To compare these two calculations, we will start with the same data set: 1, 2, 4, 5, 8 We next carry out all of the steps that are common to both calculations.  Following this out calculations will diverge from one another and we will distinguish between the population and sample standard deviations. The mean is (1 2 4 5 8) / 5 20/5 4. The deviations are found by subtracting the mean from each value: 1 - 4 -32 - 4 -24 - 4   05 - 4 18 - 4 4. The deviations squared are as follows: (-3)2 9(-2)2 402 012 142 16 We now add these squared deviations and see that their sum is 9 4 0 1 16 30. In our first calculation, we will treat our data as if it is the entire population.  We divide by the number of data points, which is five.  This means that the population variance is 30/5 6.  The population standard deviation is the square root of 6. This is approximately 2.4495. In our second calculation, we will treat our data as if it is a sample and not the entire population.  We divide by one less than the number of data points.  So, in this case, we divide by four.  This means that the sample variance is 30/4 7.5.  The sample standard deviation is the square root of 7.5.  This is approximately 2.7386. It is very evident from this example that there is a difference between the population and sample standard deviations.

Examples of e-Procurement applications and tools Case Study

Examples of e-Procurement applications and tools - Case Study Example E-business refers to the application of technologies, especially Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), to undertake or sustain business activities and processes, inclusive of research and development, procurement, design and development, manufacturing, operation, logistics, finance, value chain integration, HRM, design and development (Boone and Kurtz 2011, p.4). Procurement refers to the process by which companies purchase goods and services from a diverse range of suppliers. E-procurement infers the business to business (B2B) or business-to-consumer, business-to-government purchasing of work, goods or services via the internet, besides other information-based and networking applications such as Enterprise Resource Planning and Electronic Data Interchange (Turban, David, Lee, Liang, and Turban 2011, p.5). Procurement can be a critical part of a company’s overall strategy for cutting down costs. E-procurement methods incorporate methods such as electronic data interchange (EDI), online marketplaces/ e-marketplaces, and a combination of the two. E-procurement can be facilitated through the application of either a manual process or employing of automated software such as Enterprise Resource Planning Tools (ERP tools). E-procurement value chain comprises of aspects such as Contract Management, Vendor Management, e-Auctioning, Indent Management, e-Tendering, and Catalogue Management (Harrison and Hoek 2008, p.12). E-procurement ICT incorporate components such as e-procurement software, B2B auctions, B2B market exchanges and purchasing consortia that are directed at automating workflows, consolidating and leveraging organizational spending power and citing fresh sourcing opportunities online. The most cited procurement use of the Internet revolves around consummating the transaction and attainment of technical advice. Top performing organizations mainly conduct more than 20% of their e-procurement transactions online,  besides utilizing the internet for e-procurement applications such as communicating with vendors, verifying vendor price quotes, as well as purchasing from the vendor’s catalogues (Boone and Kurtz 2011, p.212). Technological advancement has led to the onset of commercial trans actions such as Electronic Funds Transfer, supply chain management, internet marketing, Electronic Data Interchange, online transaction processing, and inventory management systems (Neef 2001, p.36). Types of e-procurement There are several examples of e-procurement tools, each of which avails benefits to manufacturing enterprises in ensuring that raw materials and other essential manufacturing components are delivered  on time to meet production schedules in the most effective manner to maximize profit margins. Web-based ERP Web-based ERP is engaged in creating and endorsing purchasing requests, placing procured orders and receiving goods and services via application of a software system based on internet technology. ERP software packages from vendors such as Oracle, SAP AG, and the SAGE Group are designed to maximize the resource planning of an enterprise. In the manufacturing industry, web-based ERP is designed to generate purchasing schedules so as to achieve a perfect just-in -time (JIT) assembly cycle (Li 2007, p.300). One of the outstanding characteristics of ERP software is its capability to generate purchase orders via and production application of the bill of materials for the finished products as a basis. ERP systems also issue reschedule notices to suppliers (Neef 2001, p.38). Other types of e-procurement software include Vendor Management Systems, e-MRO (maintenance, repair and overhaul), SAAS transformation, e-Tendering, e-marketsites, e-Sourcing, and

MailChimp as One of The Newsletters in Advertising Essay

MailChimp as One of The Newsletters in Advertising - Essay Example This makes it easy to use and adopt.However, the disadvantages include its inability to tolerate spamming as well as the unsolicited mails. As such if one’s correspondence is labeled as spam, the system automatically disables one’s access to the services of the recipient. The advantages include: simple to use and manage, maximum delivery of services, customer support, simple to create as well as deliver, and customizable. The disadvantages include: it is not cheap and unable to send videos on emails (Jose, 9). The advantages are: it has very competitive prices, ability to provide live customer support via phone and webinar, supports autoresponder. The disadvantages include: a limit on the number of campaigns one can run at a given time, and the web-based browser may sabotage one's emails when they  switch. Advantages include: Very convenient as customers don’t need to install it, and its cost effective. The disadvantages include: the data security may be a chal lenge.   Advantages include providing users with easy to use templates. The disadvantages are no live chat support.

Language Very Important Part Of Everyday Life English Language Essay

Language Very Important Part Of Everyday Life English Language Essay Language is a very important part of everyday life. It is used to communicate in every aspect. Emails, conversations, signs and symbols, are just a few examples of our way of communicating with others, and without language this would not be possible. By definition language is, a body of words, symbols, signs, sounds, gestures, and the systems for their use common to people who are of the same community, nation or same cultural tradition (dictionary.com). Language is not just the way a person talks, there is a lot more to it than that. A person who is deaf does not use the oral aspect of language; they use signs and gestures that were developed for such purpose, called sign language. Other known gestures that are not always verbally expressed and are part of a more vulgar and offensive language that most people nationwide recognize such as the use of the middle finger. Written language, another form of non verbal communication, has been used for centuries. Some of the earliest uses of the written language were hieroglyphics, scrolls, engravings in stone, and many others. Throughout history the written language has enhanced and became our second most used way of communication. Another form of language that many do not think of is using our sense of hearing. People have been trained in their minds to know what people in different situations are communicating, whether it a cry of pain, sobs from someone in tears, or the honk! from the road ragers. Each sense plays its own role in language which will be explained further at a later time. Symbols are a part of our everyday life and also another part of language. Language is a very broad and not fully understood word that is necessary in everyday life. How? In this reading language will be broken down so that one may understand what language is, how is used in this nation, and furthermore how it is used universally. Language is more than just a means of communication (ONeil). Language is used all over the world every day. Language derives its meaning from culture, every culture is embodied in the language it speaks. Every language is rooted in the culture that speaks it (Universal Language). Language is used in every culture, and enrooted in the regions where someone lives, but that does not change how language is used. Language can be taken back to the beginning of time. Symbols in caves, which have been found, photographed and interpreted; scrolls found from the earliest teachings, to the stone engravings, the use of language began way before those who are living now. Without language, learning would not be possible. As we get older we use every source of language there is. When we learn to talk, read, write, drive, basically everything we learn to do is learning another form of language. As a student you explore the cultures, communities, people and languages of the world (Ziegler). In school children are introduced to multilanguages. Every culture, nation, and community has its own language. They may write differently, speak differently, and have different means of learning; however the use of language still remains unchanged (Ziegler). Language is used in the workplace, to communicate sales, used in every aspect of customer services, by contractors and construction workers, janitors, politics; basically every corner of a persons job has language involved. Language is also used in lifes rituals. In the car ride to work, one must use language skills to read signs, to drive a car, those using a GPS, and to communicate with other passengers. And also used when having a phone conversation, when reading a book or recipes, when talking to family and friends, and when using our senses to know what is going on around us. Our senses play a very important role in knowing language. Our sense of sight allows us to read the written language. Our sense of hearing allows us to hear t he words one is trying to communicate and to hear the sounds around us that are also communicating what is going on in our surroundings. Our sense of touch allows us to communicate when something is hot or cold, sharp or dull; our sense of touch communicates with our brain even during the most intimate touches. Our sense of taste is another form of language our body communicates with our brain. Lastly is our sense of smell. Smell is very important, one example is when there is a fire; the smell communicates with our brain, which causes a chain reaction, once our brain gets the signal from the smell, we then call emergency services, and so on. Every aspect of our lives is a form of language. And furthermore it is a very important part of the function of this nation. In the United States, language plays a big role in government. We are given the rights to free speech, which is our right to communicate verbally. We are given freedom of press, which gives us the freedom to the written language. We have relied on these freedoms based on the written words that have given us these rights which are exercising the written language. Along with the written language, during the birth of the USA, government set language guidelines for the immigrants who wished to live in this country in hopes to develop a national language. When one wished to move to this country they were first registered at Ellis Island, and then they were required to learn to speak English in order to become a citizen. The national language was in full swing, until the amount of immigrants coming in became hard to track. There is no national language currently set. Although English is technically the main language, Spanish is our secondary and so on. The USA has become such a diverse nat ion; there are several languages that are becoming more and more used. Telemarketers, billing centers, government agencies, etc. all have the Spanish option when beginning your phone call. This is where multi-languages come in, and the attempt at universal language. A universal language by definition is, any kind of expression that is used and understood everywhere (Dictionary.com). A universal language is essential in todays world. Modern communication and transport accelerate mass migrations from one continent to another (Schlesinger). Due to the high amount of travelling that is done worldwide, a universal language is a must. Many companies have already developed a universal language using logos that will be recognized everywhere. Universal language is a visual and picture language, which will fill the need (Universal Language). That is exactly what companies like McDonalds have done. When travelling to China, France, Israel, wherever one travels they will always recognize the golden arches. Pepsi, Coke, Nike, Lincoln, the Olympic Rings, all are symbols (pictures) that are recognized in every culture and nation. According Pei, the universal language is intended to bring people of different linguistic backgrounds together and form communicatio n among them to reduce the amount of misunderstandings (Pei). This however is yet to be developed though many have tried it is yet to come about.

Audience Analysis Essay

Many of us may know that Breast Cancer is a real prominent disease. With breast cancer being one of the top five killers of man-kind, I wanted to give information in regards to what the disease is. This disease is Cancer of the Breast; one of the most common malignancies in women in the US. This topic means a lot to me being that I’ve watched two grandmothers die from the disease and currently watching a auntie battle from it, not to mention my mom being a survivor, so in my opinion this topic felt extremely suitable for this informative speech. The purpose of my speech being on Breast Cancer, is simply to inform my audience about what Breast Cancer is, who/what it effects and its early detection. According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), breast cancer is the most widespread cancer in U.S. women, it is very severe that women/men become aware of this disease. More than two million women are living with breast cancer, and more than 40,000 deaths are expected this year. The death rate has dropped steadily since 1990 (averaging a 2.3% decrease per year) due to improvements in early detection and treatment; the 5-year survival rate has risen to 88% (ACS, 2005). The type of organizational pattern I plan on using is being able to inform; I want to be able to educate my audience about my topic. I want to include some facts and statistics based on my research in regards. The information I plan to provide to my audience will be useful and interesting to help them develop their own questions and thoughts about breast cancer. References: American Cancer Society (ACS) . ( 2005 ). Breast cancer facts and figures, 2005–06 . Atlanta : Author .

The Fundamentals of Soccer Scholarship Essay Samples Financial Need Revealed

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Sports Supplements Essay - 1837 Words

Sports Supplements Athletes are competitive. They go out there to win. But, at all costs? Why are athletes willing to sacrifice their long term health in order to have one outstanding season? Will it be worth it when they are hooked up to machines in order to stay alive? Many athletes do not think that taking a supplement will harm them. They are strong, tough athletes, nothing can harm them, right? So, they start taking creatine or andro, or both. For most, they lose body fat, gain strength and muscle. That sounds great, but that is not always what happens. The use of over-the-counter sports supplements is dangerous and the FDA should take them off the shelf. Supplements are supposed to be taken to make up for a deficiency in some†¦show more content†¦This is because this type of creatine is pure. The body gets its natural creatine from red meat. But, red meat is not one hundred percent creatine. The body cannot handle the potency of this supplement. Androstenedione (Andro) is a hormonally based supplement that is supposed to help weight lifters add muscle. Andro is taken orally and goes to the liver. The liver destroys most of what is ingested, but what does survive combines with various enzymes and temporarily boosts testosterone levels. This boost in testosterone allows an athlete to perform at a level above what he usually does. quot;Androstendione is an honest-to-goodness steroid and a precursor to testosterone.quot; If an athlete takes andro before he goes to the gym, he will be able to lift more, and thus increase strength and size. Although it is not legally considered an anabolic steroid at this time, andro acts exactly as they do. quot;Many endocrinologists insist that the differences between supplements like androstenedione and traditional steroids (which are legal only for certain medical conditions) are trivial.quot; In Canada a prescription is needed to get andro, but in the US it is an over-the-counter drug. If the y essentially have the same effects, then one should not be illegal and the other legal. quot;The American College of Sports Medicine says anabolic steroids such as androstenedione as well as other ‘dietary supplements’ should be reevaluated and consideredShow MoreRelatedEssay on Supplements in Sports1725 Words   |  7 Pageswinning to the extreme. Athletes today are using various supplements to increase their size, muscle mass, and their potential to perform well. Athletes have been taking all kinds of supplements to gain an edge on their opponents. Little do they know, these supplements are not FDA approved. No one knows the long-term effects of these supplements on the human body. The use of non-FDA approved supplements should be banned from sports. 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The products on these shelves represent the fruits of a thirty billion dollar industry that capitalizes on consumers’ desire to aspire beyond good health into the illusive realmRead MoreCreatine Use Must be Banned Essay1940 Words   |  8 Pagesthe 1970s and 1980s, have mandated the use of steroids by their athletes. The downside of using those illegal substances is that because they are illegal, getting caught using them can lead to losing that coveted gold medal, a lifetime ban from sports, and a total loss of honor and dignity. This is why the search is now on to find some legal means of enhancing athletic per formance.    Much to athletes delight, a new promising product, creatine, has recently appeared on the market.Read More What is the Price for Keeping the American Public Safe from Diet Supplements?1579 Words   |  7 Pagesis the Price for Keeping the American Public Safe from Diet Supplements? Being overweight and being in sports is a hard aspect of the game to overcome. Many of the athletes in different sports go through tough training and conditioning. Some athletes are under great pressure to make a certain weight in order to stay on the team. If the players are overweight they might be fined or even benched for the certain events. All of the sports that are out there have a lot of competition for staying onRead MoreEssay Protein Power1143 Words   |  5 PagesProtein Power 1. Description Met-Rx can be used as a meal supplement or meal companion. It is mostly used by body builders in order to build body mass. It is packaged in the form of food bars or powdered shakes. (www.metrx.com/tutorials-and-quiz/quiz.html) The purpose of this treatment is to support protein synthesis, energy production, and fat utilization (www.met-rx.com/faq/default.htm). The ingredients contained in these combinations allow the body to acquire allRead More The Effects of Creatine on Athletes Bodies Essay examples1480 Words   |  6 PagesBodies From a very early age sports are introduced upon both young boys and girls. Although it begins with sportsmanship and teamwork, it begins to evolve into new objectives when these young athletes enter high school. In fact, high school sports are vastly different. Your mind is trained to obliterate the opponent and win at all costs. This mentality can often lead many young athletes to turn to supplements to assist in muscle building. The most common supplement in use currently is Creatine.Read MoreDietary Supplements : The Food And Drug Administration Essay1069 Words   |  5 Pagesamino acid; dietary substance for use by man to supplement the diet by increasing the total dietary intake; or a concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or combination of the preceding substances. (â€Å"Dietary Supplement Products,† 2016) Dietary supplements run the gamut from vitamins, such as vitamin D and vitamin B12, to sports nutrition supplements, including whey protein and creatine. The regulation and overall effects of dietary supplements are a highly debated topic among researchers andRead MoreTaking A Look At Bodybuilding Supplements972 Words   |  4 PagesTaking a look at bodybuilding supplements Supplements can come as a great solution for the bodybuilder that wants to get better results from his workouts. But before diving into the land of bodybuilding supplements, buying everything you can and everything you heard that might be good for bigger gains, you should calm a little bit and inform yourself on what does what. There are a plethora of products on the market. There is the real supplement, the product that will aid you in your workout to